The Idaho Supreme Court has vacated a Mountain Home man's conviction for felony drug possession and delivery after it ruled that a police drug-sniffing dog trespassed and conducted an illegal search by putting its paws on his vehicle, prompting the search that led to his arrest.
The court issued its decision Monday, with three of the five justices in agreement and two dissenting.
The case centered on the 2019 arrest of Kirby Dorff. According to court documents, the officer said Dorff was stopped by a patrol officer in Mountain Home after Dorff drove across lanes of traffic without using a signal. A second officer arrived with a police K-9 named Nero who was trained to detect illegal drugs.
While Dorff explained to the first officer that he didn't have a valid driver's license or proof of insurance in the vehicle, Nero began sniffing around the car. Police body camera footage showed the dog jumped up against the car multiple times, including once when his paws rested on the driver's side door and window as he sniffed the "upper seams" of the car, officials said.
Justice Robyn Brody in the majority opinion wrote that justices weighed whether the dog's intrusion on the exterior of Dorff's vehicle constituted trespassing as it would have if the dog had entered the interior of the vehicle.Ultimately, Brody wrote, she and justices John Stegner and Colleen Zahn agreed that the exterior of the vehicle is protected by the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unlawful searches. They said the drug-sniffing dog "intermeddled" with Dorff's personal effects by jumping up on the car.
"Intermeddling is the difference between someone who brushes up against your purse while walking by and someone who, without privilege or consent, rests their hand on your purse or puts their fingers into your purse before your eyes or behind your back," Brody wrote.
According to the majority opinion, it doesn't matter that the unlawful search included the exterior of Dorff's property or was performed by a drug-sniffing dog.
Bevans in a separate opinion reiterated his view from an earlier case that a drug-sniffing dogs canine instincts aren't the same as intentional police intrusion.For justices to equate a drug-sniffing dog "instinctually jumping onto the exterior of a car" to a government agent placing a tracking device on a vehicle "stretches logic beyond the breaking point of reasonableness," Bevans wrote.
2 comments:
I've noticed that the police and Prosecutor's seem to be trying really hard to get around search restrictions the courts put on them; I wish this would be openly discussed instead of talked around the edges.
For example, in my state the law requires a warrant or a police dog to search a car without the driver's consent - so they set up a system where the officer calls an 'on duty' judge and he emails a warrant that the officer then prints out to give to the driver.
To me, this seems awfully convenient for LE and leaves no way for the driver to tell if a judge really was involved; this contrasts to the court's intention of requiring a warrant be a means to reduce the number of searches carried out...
Hi Jonathan. I am the last guy to defend the cops when they step out of line, which they do in ever-increasing numbers of cases these days. Warrant-less searches are way out of line IMHO.
However, vacating a -conviction- based on catching the guy red handed with drugs in the car, drugs in the apartment, friends with drugs etc, this should require some serious malfeasance by police. Like they planted it in the car because they knew he was dirty, so they could get access to the real stuff in the apartment.
But that's not what happened here. They had the guy stone-cold, and the judges vacated the conviction because the drug-finder dog put his feet on the car. This says to me that the judges are part of a political faction that wants to foil the police for reasons of their own.
If the judges make it impossible for the cops to arrest guys legally, they'll just stop arresting them. Slow-motion police strike. Somebody wants that outcome. That's all I'm saying.
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